Vinyls range from more expensive than a common new retail CD to much less. Then again, both kinds vary a lot in second-hand stores. It depends on the condition of the record. Be careful if you buy vinyl because sometimes if you buy a second-hand record where they quality hasn't been marked on it, it can be very scratchy.
As for the turntables themselves, I wouldn't recommend buying a pristine new one. I'd say a new one would be about 250 US dollars. That's 500 over here. I got mine, which is from the 60's and works fantastic, for 150 NZ, which'd be about 75 US, I think. Try vintage stores if you ever get one. If they don't have one they can probably get one, they're used to getting hold of those things. Ask to try it out in the store, though, because of the age of the thing.
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As for the turntables themselves, I wouldn't recommend buying a pristine new one. I'd say a new one would be about 250 US dollars. That's 500 over here. I got mine, which is from the 60's and works fantastic, for 150 NZ, which'd be about 75 US, I think. Try vintage stores if you ever get one. If they don't have one they can probably get one, they're used to getting hold of those things. Ask to try it out in the store, though, because of the age of the thing.